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Universal services in opened post postmarket (New Zealand)

Sascha Frank Abstract for Issue 12

1.Introduction
Why is New Zealand a good example for universal services in wide opened postmarket ? The reason is, that New Zealand was one of the first countries which opened the postmarket and it has one of the liberalised postmarkets worldwide.
2.Privatisation of New Zealand Post
The government of New Zealand decided to transform the New Zealand Post into a State-Owned Enterprise. The shares are held by two ministers on behalf of the Crown - the Minister of State-Owned Enterprises and the Minister of Finance.
2.1Reasons for this ruling
One of the reasons could be the interest of havening the NZP under exclusive government supervision. Or there are maybe human integrations between the government and the management of the NZP.
2.1Reasons toward this ruling
One of the reasons toward this ruling is that in this way there is no external monitoring by the capital market. Also the NZP has the chance to get credits at reduced interest, because it's a State-Owned Enterprises. Which could be a advantage over the competitors.
2.3Which ruling Germany decided to?
German government decided to sell the DP AG on the capital market.

3.Kind of regulation in New Zealand
The government of New Zealand decided to take the concept of the "Light Handed Regulation" (LHR) which is composed of following essentials: open acces to the market, ban on anticompetitive practice, information disclosure & disclosure requirement and threat of extensive regulations. There is no specific regulatory authority for the postmarket.
3.1Reasons for this ruling
One Reason could be the cost for installing a specific regulatory authority toward the use of the Commerce Commission.
3.3For which ruling decide germany?
In Germany there is a specific regulatory authority for the postmarket called RegTP.

4.Competition after opening the post market
There are 31 competitors (incl. NZP & Kiwi Mail) on the New Zealand postal service market. Most of them are small companies. Only five (incl. Kiwi Mail) of them got an access agreement with the NZP.
4.1Predominance of the NZP
Reasons for the predominance of the NZP, are the structure of country and the allocation of the residents of New Zealand. An other reason is that the NZP has a brand name.
4.2Competition in Germany
Also in Germany the DP AG predominates the postal services market.

5.Regulation for universal service in New Zealand
The regulation for universal service in New Zealand is called DOU Deed of Understanding. This is a contract between the NZP and the government of New Zealand which declares what kind of service on how many location the NZP has to serve. It also includes a pricecap for the standard letter, and a ban on "Rural Delivery Fee" (RDF).

5.1Regulation for universal service in Germany
In Germany there is a law called PUDLV (Post-Universaldienstleistung) which fix the number on shops of the DP AG etc.

6.Conclusion
Read the paper.